Kusiyana pakati pa ufa wopangidwa ndi iron ndi ufa wopangidwa ndi nickel wa laser cladding
Mu cladding ya laser ya zigawo zachitsulo chopangidwa ndi laser, kusankha ufa wochokera ku chitsulo ndi ufa wochokera ku nickel kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mtengo wa cladding wosanjikiza. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi kumawonekera mu kapangidwe kake, magwiridwe antchito, kusinthasintha kwa njira ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito, motere:
1. Kusiyana kwa zosakaniza
| Mtundu wa ufa | Zosakaniza Zazikulu | Zinthu zodziwika bwino zophatikizira |
| Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo | Kutengera Fe (zomwe zili mkati nthawi zambiri > 50%) | Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi Cr, Ni, Mo, Si, B, ndi zina zotero (monga dongosolo la Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo, dongosolo la Fe-Si-B) |
| Ufa wochokera ku nikeli | Kutengera ndi Ni (zomwe zili mkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala > 50%) | Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi Cr, Mo, W, Co, Si, B, ndi zina zotero (monga dongosolo la Ni-Cr-Mo, dongosolo la Ni-Cr-B-Si) |
2. Kuyerekeza kwa Magwiridwe Antchito Apakati
1) Kapangidwe ka makina
Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo:
• Kuuma kwambiri (HRC 30-60, ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake, Cr yapamwamba, mtundu wa Mo ukhoza kufika HRC 50 kapena kupitirira apo), kukana bwino kuvala;
• Mphamvu yake ndi yofanana ndi ya matrix yachitsulo chopangidwa ndi ...
• Ma modelo okhala ndi kufooka kwapakati, kuuma kwambiri akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la ming'alu (njira yophimba iyenera kulamulidwa kuti muchepetse kupsinjika).
Ufa wochokera ku nikeli:
• Kulimba kwapakati (HRC 20-45, mtundu wochepa wa aloyi ndi wofewa, Cr yapamwamba, mtundu wa W ukhoza kufika HRC 40-50), koma kulimba kwabwino, kukana bwino kukhudza kuposa ufa wopangidwa ndi chitsulo;
• Mphamvu yocheperako pang'ono yogwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi ufa wokhala ndi chitsulo chochuluka (400-800MPa), koma pulasitiki yabwino (kutalika>10%, ufa wokhala ndi chitsulo nthawi zambiri umakhala
• Mphamvu yolumikizirana yotsika pang'ono ndi chitsulo choponyedwa (nthawi zambiri 200-300MPa), koma imakhala yochepa poyerekeza ndi ming'alu, ndipo sizivuta kupanga ming'alu yozizira (chifukwa cha kulimba ndi kupsinjika kochepa kwa nickel).
2) Kukana dzimbiri
Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo: wotsutsa dzimbiri wapakatikati. Ufa wamba wochokera ku chitsulo (wotsika Cr) umalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri mumlengalenga ndi m'madzi oyera, koma umakonda kuchita dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi asidi komanso alkaline. Mtundu wa Cr wambiri (Cr wochuluka > 12%) uli ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, koma suli wabwino ngati ufa wochokera ku nickel.
Ufa wochokera ku nickel: umalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo otentha kwambiri, chinyezi, acidic ndi alkaline (monga organic acid, alkali wofooka) (chifukwa Ni ndi Cr zimapanga filimu yokhuthala ya oxide), yoyenera kuwononga.
3) Kukana kutentha
Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo: kukana kutentha konse, kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumakhala
Ufa wochokera ku nikeli: wokana kutentha kwambiri, ungagwire ntchito mokhazikika pamalo otentha kwambiri a 600-1000℃ (monga ufa wochokera ku nikeli wokhala ndi zinthu za Cr ndi W, wotsutsana bwino ndi okosijeni komanso wokana kutopa ndi kutentha).
4) Kugwirizana ndi matrix yachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo
Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo: pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo (Fe-based) (ufa wochokera ku chitsulo ndi pafupifupi 11-14×10⁻⁶/℃, chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi pafupifupi 10-12×10⁻⁶/℃), kutentha pang'ono panthawi yophimba, sikusavuta kusweka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha (makamaka koyenera pa gawo lokhuthala la cladding).
Ufa wochokera ku nikeli: Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumawonjezeka ndi kwakukulu (pafupifupi 13-16×10⁻⁶/℃), komwe kumasiyana pang'ono ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo. N'zosavuta kusweka chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumavuta panthawi yophimba, zomwe zimafunika kuchepetsedwa pozitentha kale, kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kapena kuziphimba ndi zigawo.
3. Kusiyana kwa kusinthasintha kwa njira
Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo:
• Kusamva mphamvu ya laser, kusinthasintha kwapakati kwa dziwe losungunuka, kosavuta kupanga chivundikiro chathyathyathya;
• Ili ndi zinthu zochotsa poizoni monga Si ndi B, imalekerera kwambiri zinyalala monga C ndi S mu chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo (sizophweka kupanga ma pores);
• Kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa gawo lophimba (chiŵerengero cha chitsulo choyambira chosakanikirana ndi gawo lophimba) n'kovuta pang'ono kuwongolera, nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa pa 10%-20% (kukwera kwambiri kungachepetse kuuma).
Ufa wochokera ku nikeli:
• Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa laser, kusungunuka bwino kwa dziwe losambira (makamaka ufa wokhala ndi nickel wokhala ndi B ndi Si), ndikosavuta kupanga wosanjikiza woonda komanso wofanana;
• Chimakhudzidwa ndi C mu chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi. Ngati matrix ili ndi mpweya wambiri (monga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi imvi), zimakhala zosavuta kupanga magawo ofooka (monga ma network carbides) chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa C mu cladding layer. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera mosamala magawo a laser (monga kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kuwonjezera liwiro la scanning) kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa dilution (nthawi zambiri kumafunika kukhala kochepera 10%);
• Zosavuta kuchita ndi sulfure (S) mu chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kuti apange eutectic yosungunuka pang'ono (monga Ni₃S₂), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu ya kutentha. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ma sulfide pamwamba achotsedwa panthawi yokonza zigawo zachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
4. Mtengo ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito
| Miyeso | Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo | Ufa wochokera ku nikeli |
| Mtengo | Pansi (pafupifupi 1/3-1/2 ya ufa wochokera ku nickel), yotsika mtengo | Kukwera (chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera wa zitsulo za Ni), kupanikizika kokwera mtengo |
| Zochitika zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito | 1. Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yomwe imafuna kukana kuwonongeka kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri pang'ono (monga njanji zowongolera zida zamakina ndi kukonza ma roller); 2. Kukonzanso zinthu zodula komanso zazikulu kapena kulimbitsa pamwamba pa zitsulo zotayidwa; 3. Zofunikira pa zigawo zokhuthala za cladding (> 2mm) (monga kukonza kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zazikulu zachitsulo). | 1. Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yomwe imafuna kukana dzimbiri kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha (monga zida zamakemikolo, ma valve otentha kwambiri); 2. Zochitika zomwe zimafuna kulimba bwino komanso kukana kugwedezeka (monga malo ogwirira mano, nyundo zophwanyira); 3. Kuphimba bwino zinthu zachitsulo zopyapyala kapena zooneka ngati zovuta (monga nkhungu, zinthu zamadzimadzi). |
Chidule
• Ufa wochokera ku chitsulo ndi wabwino kwambiri: pamene mtengo wotsika komanso kukana kuwonongeka kwakukulu kukuchitika, ndipo mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito sikufuna dzimbiri lamphamvu kapena kutentha kwambiri (monga kukonza zida wamba zamakanika).
• Ufa wochokera ku nikeli ndi wabwino kwambiri: ngati pakufunika kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kapena kulimba kwambiri, komanso ngati pakufunika ndalama zambiri (monga kulimbitsa ziwalo zachitsulo zopangidwa mwaluso pansi pa mikhalidwe yapadera yogwirira ntchito).
