Momwe ukadaulo wa laser cladding umasinthira mawonekedwe a impellers

Momwe ukadaulo wa laser cladding umasinthira mawonekedwe a impellers

Mu makampani opanga makina, ma impeller ali ngati mitima yosatopa, akuyendetsa machitidwe ovuta kuyambira mainjini a ndege mpaka mapampu akuluakulu amadzi. Komabe, kuwonongeka, dzimbiri, ndi kutopa, monga wosema nthawi, zimasiya zipsera zosatha pazida izi zozungulira mwachangu kwambiri. Pamene njira zachikhalidwe zokonzanso zifika malire awo, ukadaulo wapamwamba wokonzanso wotchedwa "laser cladding" umapatsa zigawo zazikuluzi "moyo wachiwiri" ndi kulondola kwake kwa opaleshoni ndi matsenga.

I. Kuphimba kwa Laser: Matsenga a Metallurgical pa Microscale

Mfundo yaikulu ya ukadaulo wa laser cladding ndi matsenga amakono a metallurgical olondola komanso olamulirika omwe amapezeka mkati mwa millimeter. Imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri (nthawi zambiri 10^4~10^6 W/cm²) ngati gwero la kutentha kuti ipange nthawi yomweyo dziwe laling'ono losungunuka pamwamba pa impeller substrate yowonongeka. Nthawi yomweyo, ufa wa alloy woperekedwa kale kapena wogwirizana wa zinthu zinazake (monga nickel-based, cobalt-based, kapena tungsten carbide-reinforced composites) umalowetsedwa mu dziwe losungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti metallurgical igwirizane mwachangu ndi substrate yosungunuka pang'ono. Njira yonseyi, yophatikizapo kusungunula, kusakaniza, kufalitsa, ndi kuuma mwachangu, imatha mkati mwa masekondi kapena ma millisecond, ndikupanga chophimba cholimba, chogwira ntchito chokhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu wa metallurgical ku substrate ndi kapangidwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimawongoleredwa kwambiri. Izi zikufanana ndi "kupanga zinthu zosonkhanitsira" ndi "kulumikiza mosasunthika" zida zamphamvu kwambiri pazigawo zofunika kwambiri za impeller.

II. Ubwino wa Ukadaulo: Kulondola, Kulimba, Kusunga Ndalama, ndi Kusamalira Chilengedwe

Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zokonzera monga kuwotcherera ndi kupopera kutentha, kuphimba ndi laser kumawonetsa zabwino zosayerekezeka pakupanganso impeller:

1. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri komanso kusintha kwa kutentha: Mphamvu ya laser imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi laling'ono kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 0.1-1mm), lomwe lingathe kuletsa kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kupsinjika kotsalira kwa zigawo zopyapyala kapena zolondola monga ma impellers kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zimagwirizana bwino ndi mawonekedwe awo.

2. Mphamvu yosayerekezeka yolumikizana: Mphamvu ya mgwirizano wa pakati pa zinthu zachitsulo ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuposa ya zophimba zotenthetsera, zomwe zimalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi makina, kufika pa 70%-90% ya zinthu zoyambira, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti chophimbacho chili cholimba ndipo sichigwa pansi pa ntchito yovuta ya liwiro lalikulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

3. "Kutha kukonzedwa" ntchito yophimba: Mwa kupanga mosavuta dongosolo la ufa wa alloy, madera enaake a impeller amatha kupatsidwa mphamvu zoletsa kukalamba, zoletsa dzimbiri, zoletsa kutentha kwambiri, kapena zophatikizika, pozindikira "kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunika zokha ndikupereka zomwe zimafunika zokha".

4. Kulondola kwambiri kwa ntchito yokonza zinthu komanso khalidwe la pamwamba: Kukhuthala kwa chophimbacho kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino pakati pa 0.2-3mm, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi pathyathyathya ndipo pang'ono pang'ono pakatha kukonzedwa, ndipo ngakhale mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ukonde amatha kupangidwa.

5. Ubwino waukulu pazachuma: Ndalama zokonzera ndi 30%-50% yokha ya kupanga zida zatsopano, ndalama zosungira mphamvu ndi zinthu zimaposa 60%, ndipo nthawi yonse ya injiniyo imakulitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chitsanzo chabwino cha chuma chozungulira komanso malingaliro a chitukuko chokhazikika.

III. Njira Yopangira Chivundikiro: Kuyambira Kujambula mu 3D mpaka Kumaliza Bwino

Kukonzanso kwa Impeller laser cladding ndi njira yolongosoka komanso yolondola yopangira zinthu:

1. Kuwunika kuwonongeka ndi kusintha kwa digito kukhala 3D: Choyamba, mayeso osawononga amachitidwa pa impeller yakale, ndipo chitsanzo cholondola cha malo owonongeka chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito 3D scanning.

2. Kukonzekera Njira ndi Kupanga Njira: Kutengera chitsanzocho, njira yabwino kwambiri yofufuzira mutu wa laser imakonzedwa, ndipo magawo apakati a njira monga mphamvu yofananira ya laser, liwiro lofufuzira, ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha ufa zimatsimikiziridwa.

3. Chithandizo cha Substrate: Malo okonzedwawo amayeretsedwa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kuipitsidwa, komanso kukonzedwa bwino. Nthawi zina kutenthetsa kumafunika kuti kuchepetse kutentha.

4. Kuphimba ndi Kuwunika Njira Mwanzeru: Pogwiritsa ntchito makina a CNC kapena loboti, mutu wa laser umayenda m'njira yokonzedweratu, kudyetsa ufa molingana komanso molondola, ndipo momwe dziwe losungunuka limakhalira limayang'aniridwa nthawi yeniyeni kuti zitsimikizire kuti lili bwino.

5. Kuwunika Kugwira Ntchito Pambuyo pa Kukonza ndi Kuwunika Magwiridwe Antchito: Pambuyo poika chivundikiro, kupopera mphamvu kungachitike, kuwonjezera pa kukonza kofunikira kuti tsamba libwezeretse kulondola kwa mawonekedwe ake. Pomaliza, kuwunika kolimba kwa mawonekedwe ake, kosawononga, komanso magwiridwe antchito kumachitika.

IV. Kubadwanso: Kukweza Magwiridwe Antchito ndi Kupezanso Mtengo

Ma impeller omwe adasinthidwanso ndi laser cladding nthawi zambiri amapambana kwambiri pakugwira ntchito konse, ngakhale kuposa momwe zinthu zatsopano zimagwirira ntchito:

Ponena za magwiridwe antchito: Kuuma kwa zigawo zofunika (monga m'mphepete mwa mpweya wolowera ndi nsonga ya tsamba) kungawonjezeke kufika kuwirikiza katatu kuposa zinthu zoyambira, ndipo nthawi yotha kutha imawonjezedwa ndi nthawi zitatu mpaka khumi; kukana dzimbiri ndi kukana kwa cavitation kumafika pamlingo wapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo poti impeller ya pampu yamadzi ya siteshoni yamagetsi yaphimbidwa ndi aloyi yochokera ku cobalt, nthawi yake yotha kutha kutha imawonjezeka ndi nthawi zoposa zisanu.

Mulingo wa geometric: Amabwezeretsa kapena kukonza bwino mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, kuonetsetsa kuti ma hydraulic akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti aerodynamic ikuyenda bwino.

Mulingo wazachuma: Kumachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zokonzera zida ndi kugula zida zina, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa nthawi yosakonzekera.

Mulingo wanzeru: Ukadaulo uwu ndi wofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zida zofunika kwambiri zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali m'magawo ofunikira monga magetsi, mafuta, kupanga zombo, ndi ndege, komanso kuchepetsa kudalira zida zosinthira zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja.

Mapeto

Kuyambira pa mfundo zovuta zolumikizira zitsulo mpaka kusintha kwakukulu kwa ma impellers, ukadaulo wophimba laser umasonyeza bwino mgwirizano wa "kulondola" ndi "mphamvu" popanga zinthu zamakono. Si njira yongokonzera yokha, koma ndi njira yosinthira magwiridwe antchito komanso njira yopangira zinthu yobiriwira. Ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo wanzeru komanso wa digito komanso kukonza laser, kuphimba laser mosakayikira kudzalemba nthano zambiri zamafakitale m'munda waukulu wopanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri.