Ukadaulo Wophimba Ma Laser: Katswiri Wobiriwira Womwe Umapereka Zida za Petrochemical ndi "Zida Zogwira Ntchito Kwambiri"

Mu makampani opanga mafuta, gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha mphamvu za dziko komanso moyo wa mafakitale oyambira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kokhazikika ndiye njira yothandiza kuti ntchito ziyende bwino komanso motetezeka. Komabe, malo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri—kutentha kwambiri, kupsinjika kwambiri, dzimbiri lalikulu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu—nthawi zonse zimayesa kulimba kwa zida zapakati. Mapampu, ma valve, mapaipi, ma reactor, ndi zida zina zimakhala ngati "mitsempha" ndi "mtima" wa njira yopangira, ndipo kukhulupirika kwa malo awo amkati kumatsimikizira mwachindunji moyo wa ntchito ndi kudalirika kwa chipangizo chonsecho. Mayankho achikhalidwe, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse kapena kufunikira nthawi yopuma nthawi zina kuti zisinthe zigawo, sikuti zimangowononga ndalama zokha komanso zimawononga nthawi. Potengera izi, ukadaulo wa laser cladding, monga njira yapamwamba kwambiri yopangira zinthu komanso yokonzanso, ukupereka njira zatsopano zowonjezerera moyo wa chipangizocho ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida za petrochemical zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso bwino.

I. Mavuto Akuluakulu: "Ululu Wobadwa Nawo" wa Zipangizo za Petrochemical

Zipangizo zamafuta zimawonongeka makamaka chifukwa cha kuukira kwa mankhwala ndi zakuthupi kuchokera mkati mwa makina:

Kutupa kwa Mankhwala: Pokonza mafuta osakonzedwa kapena zinthu zopangira mankhwala zomwe zili ndi zinthu zowononga monga sulfure, chlorine, asidi, ndi alkali, chitsulo cha zipangizozi (nthawi zambiri chitsulo cha carbon kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) chikhoza kuwononga, kuwononga maenje, ndi kuwononga pakati pa granular, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khoma lichepe, kubowoka, komanso kulephera kugwira ntchito.

Kuwonongeka kwa Kukutha kwa Madzi: Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta catalyst, slurry, nthunzi, ndi zina zomwe zimayendera kumawononga ndi kuwononga zigongono za mapaipi, njira zoyendetsera madzi, malo otsekera mipando ya valve, ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonongeke komanso kuti kapangidwe kake kawonongeke.

Kuchuluka kwa Oxidation pa Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kutopa kwa Kutentha: Ma reactor ndi mapaipi otentha kwambiri amagwira ntchito kutentha kwambiri kosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zosavuta kuzimitsidwa ndi kuzizira, komanso kutopa kwa kutentha kumasweka panthawi ya kutentha komwe kumayenderana ndi kuyamba ndi kuzimitsa. Zowonongekazi nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti zida zofunika kwambiri zilephereke msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa makampani kutseka nthawi zambiri kuti azikonza. Nthawi iliyonse yosakonzekera yogwira ntchito imatha kubweretsa kutayika kwa ndalama zambiri za yuan ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cha chitetezo.

II. Ukadaulo wapakati: Momwe laser cladding imapangira "thupi losawonongeka"

Kuphimba kwa laser ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera wopanga womwe umagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ngati gwero la kutentha kuti usungunule ufa wa alloy ndi wosanjikiza woonda pamwamba pa substrate, motero kupanga chophimba chachitsulo cholimba kwambiri pamwamba pa substrate. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito kwake poteteza zida za petrochemical ikhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

1. Kuwongolera mphamvu molondola: Mphamvu ya kuwala kwa laser imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, liwiro la kutentha ndi kuzizira ndi lachangu kwambiri, malo olowera kutentha ndi malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kupita ku substrate ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo kusintha kwa ntchito ndi kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito kumapewedwa.

2. Ubwino wa Kugwirizana ndi Metallurgical: Chigoba cha cladding ndi maziko ake zimasungunuka ndikufalikira kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba kwambiri. Chigobachi ndi champhamvu kwambiri kuposa ma bond amakina omwe amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe monga kupopera ndi electroplating, ndipo chophimbacho sichimakhudzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa.

3. Ufulu wopanga zinthu: Mutha "kusintha" malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili pogwira ntchito ndikusankha ufa woyenera kwambiri wa aloyi wosagwira dzimbiri, wosawonongeka kapena wotentha kwambiri (monga nickel-based, cobalt-based, iron-based alloys ndi metal-ceramic composites) kuti mupange kuphatikiza kwabwino kwambiri kwa "matrix bearing yabwino kwambiri komanso strong surface bearing".

Pazida za petrochemical, makamaka pamwamba pa mapaipi ndi ma reactor, zida zapadera zamkati zophimba laser nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zokha komanso zofanana m'malo ovuta komanso otsekeka, kuonetsetsa kuti zokutirazo ndizapamwamba komanso zopanda chilema.

III. Zotsatira za ntchito: kulowetsa moyo watsopano mu zida zazikulu

Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa laser cladding pazida zosiyanasiyana za petrochemical kungabweretse phindu lachangu komanso la nthawi yayitali:

Mapampu (mapampu a centrifugal, mapampu obwerezabwereza): Kuphimba chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chromium yambiri, tungsten carbide ndi zinthu zina zosatha ntchito pamwamba pa zinthu monga mapampu ndi ma impellers kumatha kuletsa kuwonongeka kwa matope ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yochepetsera magwiridwe antchito kangapo.

Ma valve (ma valve a mpira, ma valve a chipata, ma valve a globe): Ma alloy okhala ndi Cobalt monga Stellite amaikidwa pamalo otsekera a mpando wa valavu ndi pakati pa valavu (mpira) kuti atsimikizire kuti sakutha bwino komanso kuti asagwere, athetse kutuluka kwa madzi mkati, ndikutseka mwamphamvu.

Mapaipi (mapaipi owongoka, zigongono, ndi ma tee): Makamaka pa zigongono zomwe zimakokoloka mosavuta, kuphimba ndi chophimba chosatha komanso chosatha dzimbiri kungateteze khoma lonse lamkati mofanana, kuthetsa vuto la kubowoka msanga chifukwa cha "kutsetsereka" kwapafupi, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa payipi ndi nthawi 3-5.

Reactor (thupi la ketulo, choyambitsa, zigawo zamkati): Khoma lamkati lili ndi wosanjikiza wa Hastelloy kapena 625 alloy womwe umalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, carburization, ndi dzimbiri la asidi ndi alkali, womwe umalimbana bwino ndi kuwonongeka kwa cholumikizira cha reaction, kusunga malo oyera a reaction, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.

IV. Kupitilira Chitetezo: Kudumphadumpha Kokwanira

Ubwino wa ukadaulo wa laser cladding supitirira "kukonza". Ndi njira yapamwamba yotetezera komanso "yokonzanso", yomwe imabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa makampani opanga mafuta:

Wonjezerani nthawi yokonza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino kwa nthawi yayitali: Kupititsa patsogolo kwakukulu pakudalirika kwa zida kwawonjezera bwino nthawi yokonzanso zinthu kuchokera pa chaka chimodzi mpaka ziwiri zapitazo kufika pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi kapena kuposerapo, zomwe zikukwaniritsa bwino zofunikira pakugwira ntchito "kotetezeka, kokhazikika, kwanthawi yayitali, kokwanira komanso kwabwino kwambiri" kwa makampani amakono a mankhwala.

Kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso chitukuko chokhazikika: Poyerekeza ndi kusintha zinthu zodula kwambiri, laser cladding imalimbitsa pamwamba pokha, ndikusunga ndalama zopitilira 70%. Imalolanso kupanganso zinthu zomwe zatayidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zigwire bwino ntchito kuposa zatsopano, mogwirizana ndi mfundo za chuma chozungulira komanso chitukuko chobiriwira.

Kulimbitsa zopinga zachitetezo: Kuchotsa zoopsa zobisika za ngozi zazikulu monga kutayikira kwapakati, moto ndi kuphulika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepera kwa makulidwe a khoma la zida ndi kubowoka kwa dzimbiri, ndikumanga chotchinga cholimba chaukadaulo kuti chikhale chotetezeka. kupanga.

Mapeto

Ukadaulo wa laser cladding, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake a digito, olondola, komanso osinthasintha, ukusinthiratu kukonza zida mumakampani opanga mafuta. Umapatsa zida zofunika kwambiri zamafakitale izi "zida zogwirira ntchito bwino," zomwe zimawathandiza kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri yogwirira ntchito. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo ndi kukonza njira, laser cladding yakonzeka kukhala imodzi mwaukadaulo wofunikira wotsimikizira chitetezo chamkati, kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga mafuta, ndikuyika mphamvu yaukadaulo wamphamvu mu magwiridwe antchito okhazikika amakampani opanga mphamvu ndi mankhwala aku China.