Makhalidwe Oyambira a Ukadaulo wa Laser Cladding
Ukadaulo wa laser cladding, njira yapamwamba kwambiri yosinthira pamwamba, ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu malinga ndi njira yodyetsera ufa: njira yokonzeratu ufa ndi njira yodyetsera ufa wogwirizana. Ngakhale kuti pali zotsatira zofanana, njira yodyetsera ufa wogwirizana imadziwika ndi ubwino wambiri. Imalola kuwongolera kosasunthika, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga mafakitale akuluakulu. Njirayi imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyamwa mphamvu za laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za laser kukhale koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zopangidwa kudzera munjira iyi sizimatuluka m'mabowo amkati, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kolimba. Pogwira ntchito ndi ceramic cladding yachitsulo, njira yodyetsera ufa wogwirizana imawala kwambiri. Imawongolera bwino kwambiri kukana kwa ming'alu ya cladding ndipo imatsimikizira kuti magawo olimba a ceramic amagawidwa mofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale bwino.
Kuphimba kwa laser kumatanthauzidwa ndi magulu a makhalidwe apadera. Choyamba, kumakhala ndi liwiro lozizira mofulumira kwambiri, kufika pa 10⁶ K/s. Njira yolimba iyi mwachangu imabweretsa kupangidwa kwa kapangidwe kakang'ono kosalala. Kumatsegulanso chitseko chopanga magawo atsopano omwe sangapezeke pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, monga magawo okhazikika komanso kapangidwe ka amorphous. Zinthu zapaderazi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zophimbazo zikhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso owoneka bwino.
Kachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa utoto mu laser cladding nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 5%. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano wamphamvu wa zitsulo kapena mgwirizano wofalikira pakati pa zinthu ndi substrate. Mwa kusintha bwino magawo a laser monga mphamvu, liwiro losanthula, ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa, utoto wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa ukhoza kupezeka. Kuwongolera kumeneku pa kapangidwe ka utoto ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumalola kusintha kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira zinazake.
Chachitatu, kuphimba ndi laser kumafuna kutentha kochepa, komwe kumabweretsa kusokonekera pang'ono. Kuphimba mwachangu kwamphamvu kwambiri kukagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusinthaku kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka kufika poti kumagwera pansi pa kulekerera kwa gawolo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kukonza zigawo zolondola popanda kuwononga kulondola kwa miyeso.
Chachinayi, palibe zoletsa zambiri pakusankha ufa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti n'zotheka kuyika zitsulo zosungunuka kwambiri pamwamba pa zitsulo zosungunuka pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zisakanikirane komanso kugwiritsa ntchito laser cladding. Kukula kwa cladding layer ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo makulidwe a single-pass powder-feeding coating amayambira pa 0.2 mpaka 2.0 mm.
Kuphimba kosankhidwa ndi ubwino wina wodziwika bwino wa kuvala kwa laser. Kumathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito chophimbacho moyenera, kuchepetsa zinyalala za zinthu ndikupereka chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo. Kutha kuloza kuwala kwa laser kumalola kuvala m'malo ovuta kufikako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera pazinthu zovuta. Pomaliza, njirayi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi automation, kuonetsetsa kuti kupanga zinthu kumakhala koyenera komanso kogwira mtima m'mafakitale.
